Despite the country’s small size, the Netherlands has a number of organisations, not-for-profit-foundations, and for-profit enterprises involved in maintaining library infrastructure and keeping services up-to-date.
The KB, National Library of the Netherlands, offers a platform for people and information to come together. Their most important task for the coming years, is a national digital library which is being developed collaboratively by the National Library and its network partners.
Dutch public libraries offer access to information, knowledge, language, and culture to everyone in inviting physical and virtual meeting spaces. There are also a variety of special, government, medical, industrial and corporate libraries to support a range of sectors.
The Ministry of Education, Culture and Science is responsible for the development of policy and legislation concerning libraries. Grants are the largest source of income for libraries with the majority of funding from municipalities. In principle, the state does not finance public libraries, and therefore makes little contribution to libraries' income, except for incidental and partnership projects.
With the Library at School (de Bibliotheek op school) programme, libraries and municipalities join forces to draw attention to reading for pleasure and increased media literacy both at school and at home. This collaboration encourages children and young people to read more, and to use the internet, social media and games in wise and informed ways. School libraries are available in primary education, and also in secondary education. In primary education, the library’s emphasis is on promoting reading. In secondary education, research becomes an important focus, with an emphasis on learning path support for projects and theses.
Netherland’s academic libraries see knowledge and information skills of lecturers, researchers and students as critically important in maintaining the quality of Universities and a knowledgeable Dutch society. The libraries’ expertise and traditional services are becoming increasingly relevant through the development of open and online education - for example, advice on copyrights and licenses, the access and storage of content and the promotion of information skills.
Higher education institutions receive a fixed amount from the government with an additional variable amount, based on the following:
Strategic development of libraries in higher education , through the partnership network Samenwerkingsverband Hogeschoolbibliotheken, is focused on the following goals: Intensifying the collaborations between libraries; the library as a learning and working environment; the role of the library in education support; and sustainable access to information.
43 | 505.5 |
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Median Age | Population Densitypeople per sq km |
90.4% | 3.9% |
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Internet Users | Internet Gender Gap |
0% | 6% |
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Poverty Rate 2011 PPP | Unemployment % of labor force |
No Data Available | 5.5% |
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Adult Literacy Rate % of people age 15+ | Education Spending % of GDP |
63.4% | 2% |
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ICT Skills: Transfering Files | Research Spending % of GDP |
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National Library Associations
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National Library
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Policy Making Institutions
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Library Support Organisations
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National Policy for Libraries
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Library Law
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Legal Deposit Law
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Copyright Law
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Library Exceptions & Limitations
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Professional Qualification Requirements
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Education
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Professional Publications
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Professional Events
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Total | National | Academic | Public | Community | School | Other | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Libraries |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Libraries with Internet Access |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Full-Time Staff |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Volunteers |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Registered User |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Physical Visits |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Physical Loans |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Electronic Loans |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Netherlands | Region | World | |
Population Density people per sq km | 505.5 2016 | 33.2 2016 | 57.4 2016 |
Urban Population (World Bank) | 91% 2016 | 71.1% 2016 | 54.3% 2016 |
Median Age (CIA) | 43 2017 | - | 30 2017 |
Age Dependency Ratio, Youth (World Bank) % of working age people | 25.3% 2017 | 27.1% 2017 | 39.7% 2017 |
Age Dependency Ratio, Elderly (ITU World Telecoms Database) % of working age people | 29% 2017 | 24.5% 2017 | 13.3% 2017 |
Netherlands | Region | World | |
Internet Users (ITU World Telecoms Database) % of population | 90.4% 2016 | - | - |
Broadband Cost (ITU World Telecoms Database) in USD | $38.7 2016 | $14.6 2016 | $20.1 2016 |
Phone Subscription Cost (ITU World Telecoms Database) in USD | $27.9 2016 | $9.5 2016 | $9.5 2016 |
Internet Gender Gap (ITU World Telecoms Database) % of Men Internet Users - % of Women Internet Users | 3.9% 2016 | - | 11.6% 2017 |
Access to Electricity (World Bank) | 100% 2016 | 100% 2016 | 87.4% 2016 |
Netherlands | Region | World | |
GDP per Capita (World Bank) current international $ | 50,539 2016 | 31,362 2016 | 16,215 2016 |
Poverty Rate (World Bank) at $1.90 a Day, 2011 PPP | 0% 2015 | 1.6% 2013 | 10.9% 2013 |
Inequality Index (World Bank) 0 is perfect equality, 100 is the complete inequality | 29 2015 | - | - |
Unemployment (World Bank) % of labor force | 6% 2016 | 8.2% 2016 | 5.9% 2014 |
Inactive Youth (World Bank) % of youth | 4.6% 2016 | 13.8% 2016 | - |
Netherlands | Region | World | |
Students per Teacher (World Bank) Ratio | 12 2016 | 15 2016 | 24 2016 |
Adult Literacy Rate (World Bank) % of people age 15+ | - | 99.1% 2016 | 86.2% 2016 |
Education Spending (World Bank) % of GDP | 5.5% 2014 | 5.1% 2014 | 4.9% 2014 |
Netherlands | Region | World | |
Research Spending (World Bank) % of GDP | 2% 2015 | 1.9% 2015 | 2.2% 2015 |
ICT Skills: Programming (International Telecommunication Union) % of Population | 7.1% 2015 | - | - |
ICT Skills: Creating Presentations (International Telecommunication Union) % of Population | 42.6% 2015 | - | - |
ICT Skills: Finding, Downloading, Installing Software (International Telecommunication Union) % of Population | 67.5% 2015 | - | - |
ICT Skills: Transferring Files (International Telecommunication Union) % of Population | 63.4% 2015 | - | - |
ICT Skills: Sending Emails % of Population | - | - | - |
ICT Skills: Using Copy/Paste % of Population | - | - | - |
ICT Skills: Connect/Install Devices % of Population | - | - | - |
ICT Skills: Using Math in Spreadsheets % of Population | - | - | - |
VOB consists of more than 160 members, a board, and a bureau. Together they work on the common interests of public libraries, the provincial support organizations (POIs) and the national organizations. The VOB unites the public libraries industry. The VOB is a branch association that acts responsibly, flexibly and demand driven as a stakeholder, contracting party, service provider, meeting place and employers’ organisation. Strengthening the social role of members is central so that everyone in society has access to good information and opportunities to develop themselves, at every level.
FOBID was founded in 1974 to improve the co-operation between different types of libraries and institutions for information and documentation services. It is the branch organization for the Dutch library sector. It serves as a platform that represents the interests of the sector and acts as a point of contact for affiliated organizations in the Netherlands and sister organizations abroad.
Its aim is to defend the interests of these institutions and their professionals, and to enhance professional development. The main activities focus on advocacy of the library field's legal interests, on international networking and co-operation of professionals in the field of bibliographic matters and education.
The KNVI is a Dutch professional association for professionals in information provision and management. KNVI is the platform for Professionals in Information Management, Information Technology and Information Services, where every professional in these disciplines feels at home. Information plays a leading role in the development of people and society. KNVI therefore sees it as their task to promote the development of information professionals, by working together, facilitating, meeting, focusing, and leading the way. In doing so, KNVI considers their core values of independence, integrity, and professionalism.
For centuries, the KB, National Library of the Netherlands has been a source of inspiration and innovation. Since its foundation in 1798, the KB has developed into a broad-based, versatile organisation, which guarantees the visibility, usability and sustainability of the national library collection for all Dutch people, for any purpose, both now and in the future. The KB is responsible for the written word, particularly Dutch publications, and for ensuring that everyone is able to read, learn and conduct research. This is the way of contributing towards making the Netherlands smarter, more competent and more creative.
The Ministry has the following objectives:
The partnership of university libraries and the National Library supports and accelerates scientific progress by distributing, concentrating, and connecting mutual expertise in national and international networks. It consists of thirteen university libraries and the National Library. The main collaboration takes place in the field of developing a shared vision of the library as a learning and working environment; the development of expertise in the field of educational support; securing sustainable access to information; facilitating open science; and where possible systems and infrastructure are shared.
The WSWB Libraries (Werkgroep speciale wetenschappelijke bibliotheken / Special scientific libraries working group) represents the interests of special scientific libraries. The foundation supports the 31 participating libraries in the management of their collections, which are of (great) importance for the promotion of both the sciences and the arts and culture in the Netherlands. The foundation does this by, among other things, concluding (license) contracts, granting access to the collections of the libraries participating in the WSWB to third parties, by making the (often unique) collections of the WSWB libraries visible within (international) networks and through the exchange of knowledge in areas specific to the specialized scientific libraries.
There are no national policy documents for libraries in Netherlands.
In 2015, a new law for the public library sector (Wsob) came into force. This law describes a.o. the core functions of libraries and the roles of parties involved. It also states that the highly decentralized library sector constitutes a network for which the national government, provincial governments and municipalities are jointly responsible. Municipalities and Provinces (represented by, respectively, VNG (Vereniging Nederlandse Gemeente) and IPO (Interprovinciaal Overleg) are responsible for the physical domain. The national government (Ministry for Education, Culture and Science - OCW) is responsible for the digital domain as well as the effectiveness and coherence of the library system as a whole. The execution of the OCW tasks is carried out by the National Library (KB).
According to the new law public libraries should give the general public access to information and culture, guided by principles such as independence, credibility, accessibility, pluralism and authenticity. Their concrete tasks are making available knowledge and information, facilitating learning, promoting reading and a taste of literature, promoting arts and culture, and organising social encounters and debate.
The new law also defines the scope of the digital library and arranges its funding.
The Netherlands uses voluntary legal deposit, managed by the Royal Library, and based on an agreement with the Dutch Publishers Association.
Works included are books, newspapers, journals, magazines, educational tools, cartographic material, yearbooks, reports and brochures, in both physical and electronic form. Works covered are those produced in the Netherlands, regardless of language.
While digital deposit is favoured, it is also possible to deposit works in physical form. Access is only possible inside the Royal Library, unless the rightholder has allowed for access outside.
Libraries, alongside educational establishments and museums open to the public, as well as cinematographic or audio-visual heritage archives and establishments which do not operate for a commercial purpose benefit from copyright exceptions for preservation and restoration. This provision is technology-neutral, allowing libraries to digitize its work if necessary, for preservation, and includes permission for copying to avoid format obsolescence. A library may also make works belonging to its own collection available digitally on site to the public, ie only within the walls of its building.
There are exceptions for copying for private study and for education, although with the possibility for remuneration. The Netherlands has also implemented the Marrakesh Treaty, although again with the possibility of remuneration.
Libraries can draw on an orphan works provision to copy and make available works in their collections where rightholders have not been identified and found after a careful examination (there is a long list of conditions), and if uses are then only for public interest goals. When making orphan works available, libraries and others may only generate income that serves to cover the costs of digitization and availability.
While the European Union Copyright Directive has yet to be implemented, there are already provisions allowing for the copying of works which are out-of-commerce, against remuneration.
The Netherlands does have a Public Lending Right scheme, although this does not apply to educational or research libraries, or to primarily publicly subsidised ones such as in parts of the Dutch Antilles. The Public Lending Rights Office (Stichting Leenrecht) collects payments from libraries, toy libraries, CD lenders and art leasing galleries and distributes these payments to organizations representing copyright owners.
Elsewhere, there are exceptions for quotation, parody and satire, incidental uses, and transitory copying (i.e. to allow for caching).
There are no professional qualification requirements for librarians in Netherlands.
The full-time courses have been discontinued or merged with other courses in ICT, business administration and management into "broad" bachelors and masters. At present, there are only hands-on training and retraining activities available for the entire information field, ranging from a 1-day workshop to a course of several months at all levels. Some courses are also taught in English and Spanish.
IP is the independent online platform and printed magazine for information specialist of today and tomorrow. The main audience are professionals working in the information, library, archive and heritage world.
The printed magazine provides insight into all current developments in the field of documentary information provision, information management, management and organization and document management and the digital transition in which this field is located. It focuses on everyone who is concerned with keeping (government) information permanently accessible. It is published eight times a year.
If you want to stay informed of developments in public library work, subscribe to Bibliotheekblad. This printed professional magazine is full of opinion articles, interviews, reports, news, and background information. The magazine is published nine times a year. Each issue contains a file, which delves deeper into an interesting theme. The magazine focuses primarily on professionals in public libraries. It is also interesting for library boards, governments, the information sector, the cultural sector, and the book sector.
This annual event is organised by the National Library of the Netherlands, KB. Each year a theme is chosen around with the knowledge and practices are shared in an effort to further the development of libraries.
"Smart Humanity" is a multi-year theme of an annual conference of the Royal Dutch Association of Information Professionals (Koninklijke Nederlandse Vereniging van Informatieprofessionals, KNVI). The KNVI has devoted three years to this theme. After being defined and introduced in January 2018, the concept of Smart Humanity is being further elaborated with various scientists and practitioners. The event is aimed at all information professionals.