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About Cuba

Cuba

Region: Latin America and the Caribbean

Area: 109,880 km²

Population: 10,979,783

Libraries (Service Points): 9,029

Libraries in Cuba

Last update: December 2025

Cuba has a National Library and four centralized library systems: Public libraries, school libraries, university libraries and specialized libraries. The institution responsible for the development of library policies and legislation is the National Library of Cuba José Martí, which belongs to the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Cuba and holds the documentary heritage of the nation.

Library funding depends on the organisations to which each system belongs. For example, public libraries are financed by local and provincial governments, school libraries by the Ministry of Education, university libraries by the Ministry of Higher Education and specialized libraries of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA) and other institutions.

The priorities for the development of the Cuban library field are aimed at strengthening libraries, increasing the use of information and communication technologies in terms of information services to the community and the preservation of documentary heritage and historical memory.

Each library type has distinctive characteristics. The Public Libraries System is managed methodologically by the National Library of Cuba and are the only library institutions that serve the public – from children who are not school-aged to older adults. The public library sector is strong in its outreach efforts, to all corners of the country including hard-to-reach mountainous areas.

Public libraries provide services in prisons, to people with disabilities, in hospitals, in maternity homes, in schools and day care centres, in children’s homes without subsidiary protection, in workshops and work centres where they carry their collections with different extensionist modalities such as mini libraries, bookmobiles, houses libraries, reading rooms, travel boxes.

On the other hand, the School Library System works mainly as a support to education, although together with the Public Library System they support the National Program for Reading that exists in the country, whose fundamental task is the promotion of positive reading habits.

Among the most significant achievements of libraries in the country is the unity that exists between the library sectors, regardless of the type of libraries to which each belongs. They cooperate with each other in meeting the information needs of users and work together to uplift communities they serve.

The Cuban Association of Librarians brings together the librarians of the country and has among its main objectives the promotion and advocacy for the profession, and the achievement of a united library sector. Cuban libraries contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN 2030 Agenda and the National Development Plan and exemplify the positive role libraries play in helping communities face the challenges of the future.

Library data (Totals)

Library type

Total

National

Academic

Public

Community

School

Other

Libraries (Service Points)

Library service point is a fixed or mobile facility through which library provides a service to its users. Central libraries, branch libraries, mobile libraries, and external service points located in different geographical locations and managed by one administrative unit are all each individual service points. Number of libraries is the total number of central/main libraries, branch libraries, external service points and mobile libraries.

9,029

9,029

2024

1

2024

386

2024

7,999

2024

643

2024
Main Libraries

Central/main library is usually part or those parts of an administrative unit where the main administrative functions and the important parts of the library collection and services are located. An administrative unit comprising several branch libraries does not necessarily include a central library.

171

171

2018

171

2018

Branch Libraries

Branch library is a part of a larger administrative unit providing, in separate quarters, a service for a particular user group (e.g. children, faculties) or for a locally defined clientele. Institute, departmental and other affiliated libraries are included. Mobile libraries and external service points are excluded.

218

218

2018

218

2018

External Service Points

External service point is a point away from library premises at which a certain service is regularly offered to users. This includes places within a locality at which library material is deposited for informal circulation to a restricted group of users but without other library services, for example, old people’s homes, community centres, collections for hospital patients. Mobile libraries and their stops are not counted as external service points.

155

155

2018

155

2018

Mobile Libraries

Mobile library is a library, sometimes a division of a public library, using transport means to provide documents and services directly to users as an alternative to access on library premises.

2

2

2018

2

2018

Libraries (Administrative Units)

Administrative unit is any independent library, or group of libraries, under a single directorate or a single administration. The term “independent” does not imply legal or financial independence but only that the library is a recognisably separate unit, typically within a larger organisation. The administrative unit can be a single library or a larger organisation, typically containing a central/main library, branch libraries and administrative functions.

390

390

2024

1

2024

389

2018

Libraries with Internet Access

Libraries (Service Points) that provides internet access from at least one workstation available to the public regardless of whether access is free, and/or provides a wireless network allowing users to connect to the Internet.

724

724

2024

1

2024

15

2024

150

2024

558

2024
Full-Time Staff

Full-time equivalent (FTE) staff are all library employees who work for the library in return for payment. It includes professional staff, qualified staff, project staff and assistants. Other staff (library employees who work in security and on domestic duties, for example, cleaners, porters, caretakers and catering staff) and volunteers are excluded.

13,482

13,482

2024

163

2024

3,042

2024

9,124

2024

1,153

2024
Volunteers

Volunteer is a person working on library tasks without payment. In counting volunteers, the concept of headcount is used.

Registered Users

Registered user is a person or organisation registered with a library in order to use its collection and/or services within or away from the library. Users may be registered upon their request or automatically when enrolling in the institutions.

2.1 M

2,111,953

2024

1,278

2024

210,922

2024

997,224

2024

902,529

2024
Physical Visits

Physical visit is a person (individual) entering the library premises.

6 M

5,970,173

2024

49,899

2024

4,913,549

2024

935,290

2024

71,435

2024
Physical Loans

Physical loan is a direct lending or delivery transaction of an item in physical form. Physical loans include loans of items in non-electronic form (e.g. books) and loans electronic documents on a physical carrier (e.g. CD-ROM).

5.6 M

5,580,577

2024

54,965

2024

3,944,092

2024

1,537,639

2024

43,881

2024
eBook Loans

eBook is a non-serial digital document, licenced or not, where searchable text is prevalent, and similar to a print book (monograph). eBooks can be lent to users either on portable devices (eBook readers) or by transmitting the contents to the user’s PC or other device for a limited time period.

3,496

3,496

2024

1,998

2024

1,498

2024

Audio Book Loans

Audio book (or talking book) is a sound recording of readings of a book, magazine, or newspaper, usually designed for use by visually impaired people. Audio books can be lent to users either on a physical carrier or other device, or by transmitting the content to the user’s PC or other device for a limited time period.

2,617

2,617

2024

876

2024

1,098

2024

643

2021

Downloads

Download is a content unit that is successfully requested from a library-provided online service or other internet service (e.g. database, electronic serial or digital document).

220,462

220,462

2024

1,265

2024

219,197

2024

Library data (Per 1M People)

Library type

Total

National

Academic

Public

Community

School

Other

Libraries (Service Points)

Library service point is a fixed or mobile facility through which library provides a service to its users. Central libraries, branch libraries, mobile libraries, and external service points located in different geographical locations and managed by one administrative unit are all each individual service points. Number of libraries is the total number of central/main libraries, branch libraries, external service points and mobile libraries.

9,029

822.3

2024

0.1

2024

35.2

2024

728.5

2024

58.6

2024
Main Libraries

Central/main library is usually part or those parts of an administrative unit where the main administrative functions and the important parts of the library collection and services are located. An administrative unit comprising several branch libraries does not necessarily include a central library.

171

15.6

2018

15.6

2018

Branch Libraries

Branch library is a part of a larger administrative unit providing, in separate quarters, a service for a particular user group (e.g. children, faculties) or for a locally defined clientele. Institute, departmental and other affiliated libraries are included. Mobile libraries and external service points are excluded.

218

19.9

2018

19.9

2018

External Service Points

External service point is a point away from library premises at which a certain service is regularly offered to users. This includes places within a locality at which library material is deposited for informal circulation to a restricted group of users but without other library services, for example, old people’s homes, community centres, collections for hospital patients. Mobile libraries and their stops are not counted as external service points.

155

14.1

2018

14.1

2018

Mobile Libraries

Mobile library is a library, sometimes a division of a public library, using transport means to provide documents and services directly to users as an alternative to access on library premises.

2

0.2

2018

0.2

2018

Libraries (Administrative Units)

Administrative unit is any independent library, or group of libraries, under a single directorate or a single administration. The term “independent” does not imply legal or financial independence but only that the library is a recognisably separate unit, typically within a larger organisation. The administrative unit can be a single library or a larger organisation, typically containing a central/main library, branch libraries and administrative functions.

390

35.5

2024

0.1

2024

35.4

2018

Libraries with Internet Access

Libraries (Service Points) that provides internet access from at least one workstation available to the public regardless of whether access is free, and/or provides a wireless network allowing users to connect to the Internet.

724

65.9

2024

0.1

2024

1.4

2024

13.7

2024

50.8

2024
Full-Time Staff

Full-time equivalent (FTE) staff are all library employees who work for the library in return for payment. It includes professional staff, qualified staff, project staff and assistants. Other staff (library employees who work in security and on domestic duties, for example, cleaners, porters, caretakers and catering staff) and volunteers are excluded.

13,482

1,227.9

2024

14.8

2024

277.1

2024

831

2024

105

2024
Volunteers

Volunteer is a person working on library tasks without payment. In counting volunteers, the concept of headcount is used.

Registered Users

Registered user is a person or organisation registered with a library in order to use its collection and/or services within or away from the library. Users may be registered upon their request or automatically when enrolling in the institutions.

2.1 M

192,349.2

2024

116.4

2024

19,210

2024

90,823.7

2024

82,199.2

2024
Physical Visits

Physical visit is a person (individual) entering the library premises.

6 M

543,742.3

2024

4,544.6

2024

447,508.8

2024

85,182.9

2024

6,506

2024
Physical Loans

Physical loan is a direct lending or delivery transaction of an item in physical form. Physical loans include loans of items in non-electronic form (e.g. books) and loans electronic documents on a physical carrier (e.g. CD-ROM).

5.6 M

508,259.3

2024

5,006

2024

359,214

2024

140,042.7

2024

3,996.5

2024
eBook Loans

eBook is a non-serial digital document, licenced or not, where searchable text is prevalent, and similar to a print book (monograph). eBooks can be lent to users either on portable devices (eBook readers) or by transmitting the contents to the user’s PC or other device for a limited time period.

3,496

318.4

2024

182

2024

136.4

2024

Audio Book Loans

Audio book (or talking book) is a sound recording of readings of a book, magazine, or newspaper, usually designed for use by visually impaired people. Audio books can be lent to users either on a physical carrier or other device, or by transmitting the content to the user’s PC or other device for a limited time period.

2,617

238.3

2024

79.8

2024

100

2024

58.6

2021

Downloads

Download is a content unit that is successfully requested from a library-provided online service or other internet service (e.g. database, electronic serial or digital document).

220,462

20,078.9

2024

115.2

2024

19,963.7

2024

Population

Cuba

Region

World

Population

Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.

total

10,979,783

2024

662,186,388

2024

8,141,808,945

2024

Proportion of Population Younger than 15

Age dependency ratio, young, is the ratio of younger dependents--people younger than 15--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population.

percentage of working-age population

22.4%

2024

33.3%

2024

38.0%

2024

Proportion of Population Older than 64

Age dependency ratio, old, is the ratio of older dependents--people older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population.

precentage of working-age population

24.3%

2024

14.5%

2024

15.7%

2024

Population Growth

Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.

annual percentage

-0.4%

2024

1

2024

1.0%

2024

Population Density

Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.

people persq. km of land area

106.2%

2023

32.6%

2022

61.6%

2022

Urban Population

Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. The data are collected and smoothed by United Nations Population Division.

percentage of total population

77.2%

2024

81.3%

2024

57.6%

2024

Information Infrastructure

Cuba

Region

World

Internet Users

Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc.

percentage of population

71.3%

2023

81.7%

2024

71.2%

2024

Female Internet Users

This indicator refers to female individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc.

percentage of female population

75.1%

2019

81.3%

2024

68.2%

2024

Male Internet Users

This indicator refers to male individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc.

percentage of male population

-

81.3%

-

Access to Electricity

Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources.

percentage of population

100.0%

2023

98.4%

2023

91.6%

2023

Economy, Poverty, and Employment

Cuba

Region

World

GDP per Capita

This indicator provides values for gross domestic product (GDP) expressed in current international dollars, converted by purchasing power parities (PPPs). PPPs account for the different price levels across countries and thus PPP-based comparisons of economic output are more appropriate for comparing the output of economies and the average material well-being of their inhabitants than exchange-rate based comparisons. Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This series has been linked to produce a consistent time series to counteract breaks in series over time due to changes in base years, source data and methodologies. Thus, it may not be comparable with other national accounts series in the database for historical years. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. The PPP conversion factor is a currency conversion factor and a spatial price deflator. PPPs convert different currencies to a common currency and, in the process of conversion, equalize their purchasing power by eliminating the differences in price levels between countries, thereby allowing volume or output comparisons of GDP and its expenditure components.

current international $

-

22,880.9

2024

24,405

2024

Poverty Rate

Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $3.00 a day at 2021 purchasing power adjusted prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.

percentage of population

-

4.5%

2024

10.3%

2024

Inequality

Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.

percentage

-

0.0%

-

Unemployment

Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.

percentage of total labor force

1.7%

2018

5.5%

2024

6.2%

2021

Inactive Youth

The share of youth not in education, employment or training (also known as “the NEET rate”) conveys the number of young persons not in education, employment or training as a percentage of the total youth population. Youth not in education are those who were neither enrolled in school nor in a formal training program (e.g. vocational training). For the purposes of this indicator, youth is defined as all persons between the ages of 15 and 24 (inclusive).


percentage of youth population

-

18.4%

2024

-

Education and Literacy

Cuba

Region

World

Education Spending

General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of GDP. It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.


percentage of GDP

8.4%

2022

3.8%

2023

3.5%

2023

Adult Literacy Rate

Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.


percentage of people ages 15 and above

97.7%

2019

3.8%

2023

87.7%

2024

Female Adult Literacy

Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.


percentage of females ages 15 and above

96.3%

2019

94.7%

2024

84.6%

2024

Male Adult Literacy

Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.


percentage of males ages 15 and above

96.3%

2019

95.2%

2024

90.9%

2024

Female Youth Literacy

Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.


percentage of females ages 15-24

99.7%

2019

98.9%

2024

92.0%

2024

Male Youth Literacy

Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.


percentage of males ages 15-24

99.5%

2019

98.5%

2024

94.1%

2024

Research and Innovation

Cuba

Region

World

Research Spending

Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.


percentage of GDP

0.4%

2022

0.6%

2020

2.7%

2022

Researchers

The number of researchers engaged in Research &Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Researchers are professionals who conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models techniques instrumentation, software of operational methods. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.


per million people

1,968

2023

582.7

2014

1,516

2018

Scientific Articles

Article counts refer to publications from a selection of conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journals from Scopus in science and engineering fields, according to the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Taxonomy of Disciplines.


fractional count

1,238

2022

130,281.9

2022

3,338,192

2022

National Library Associations

Cuban Association of Librarians / Asociación Cubana de Bibliotecarios (ASCUBI)

ASCUBI objectives are to contribute to the enrichment of culture, reading and the increase of national consciousness about the role of libraries as fundamental elements for the development of the person, the community and the people in general. It has more than 3200 members. Its main activities are the celebration of professional events, activities, courses, professional development workshops and professional work meetings. The areas of concern are aimed at achieving a united library sector, the promotion and defence of the profession, as well as contribution to the UN 2030 agenda and the National Development Plan.

Cuban Society of Information Sciences / SOCICT, Sociedad Cubana de Ciencias de la Información

SOCICT is a technical-professional society of national character, with legal personality and its own patrimony that brings together professionals, technicians and students linked to the Information Sciences.

National Library of Cuba José Martí / Biblioteca Nacional de Cuba José Martí

The National Library of Cuba José Martí as depository of the documentary, bibliographic, artistic, and sound treasure of the country, a patrimony of the most representative of the universal culture. It conserves bibliographic heritage, makes the national bibliographic control, is an official representative of the public libraries system. The National Library preserves scientific, cultural, educational, and social achievements of Cuba; it is a sustainable space for reading, teaching, and learning; provides free access to information and knowledge; and serves as a platform for dissemination of national culture and representation of all artistic manifestations.

The National Library oversees 399 public libraries around the country which are part of the National System of Cuban Public Libraries.

Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Cuba / Ministerio de Cultura de la República de Cuba

The Ministry of Culture is in charge of directing, orienting, controlling and executing the cultural policy of the country as well as guaranteeing the safeguarding, preservation and enrichment of the cultural heritage of the nation.

National Library of Cuba José Martí, as an administrative structure of the Ministry of Culture, is in charge of policies and legislation in the field of libraries and proposes guidelines, strategies and general state policies ensuring functioning of libraries. The National Library supervises the National Program for Reading.

There are no library support organisations in Cuba.

National Policy for Libraries

National Information Policy in Cuba / Política Nacional de Información en Cuba

The purpose of a national information policy is the access and optimal use of specialized and professional knowledge, scientific, technical, social and economic information, and techniques developed or available in the country, as a resource to solve development problems in all sectors of the society. The set of guidelines and guidelines that guide the preparation of planned actions, aimed at guaranteeing universal access to information for the realization of all kinds of activities (social, economic and political), arose in Cuba in the 1960s. Cuban libraries are part of the national information policy as holders and providers of information for free to all the population, they are one of the main institutions offering information, together with the archives and other institutions.

Decree-Law No. 271 on libraries of the Republic of Cuba / Decreto-Ley No. 271 de las bibliotecas de la Republica de Cuba

The Decree-Law establishes the fundamental principles that govern the library activity of the Cuban State, strengthening the role that libraries play in the fulfilment of the constitutional right of citizens to access education, history, culture, and science in all its manifestations, as well as regulating the functions of the National Library of Cuba José Martí. The law defines all library systems of the country and defines concepts specific to the library sector, the principles and the scope and functions of all Cuban libraries.

Professional Qualification Requirements

Professional Qualification Requirements

To work in libraries in Cuba it is necessary to have a technical or university qualification granted by the Technological Schools of the Middle Level or by the University. On the other hand, specialists from related professions can also occupy librarian positions, receiving a special training course.

Education

In Cuba there are 4 levels of professional training that are Technical Level Professional, Bachelor of Information Sciences, Master of Library Science and Information Sciences and Doctorate in Information Sciences. The average level is offered at the municipal polytechnic schools, and the degree is offered at the Universities of Havana, Las Villas, Holguín and Camagüey. The master’s degree and the doctorate exclusively at the University of Havana, but all those interested in the country have access to it.

Libraries. Research Annals / Bibliotecas. Anales de Investigación

This is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes research and review articles in the area of Information Sciences. It is published every six months in printed and electronic format by the National Library of Cuba “José Martí”, offering open access to all its contents.

Journal of Information Sciences / Revista Ciencias de la Información

This is a Cuban scientific publication certified by the Ministry of Science Technology and Environment (CITMA). Scientific journal edited by the Institute of Scientific and Technological Information (IDICT), in coordination with the Cuban Society of Information Sciences (SOCICT).

National Bibliothecological Scientific Meeting of the Library Association of Cuba

National Bibliothecological Scientific Meeting of the Library Association of Cuba, created in 2003, is held every year in February during the celebration of the International Book Fair of Havana. It is a professional space with international character where librarians of the country and foreign colleagues who participate, present their research on current issues of librarianship development. There are also lectures, exhibitions, poster exhibitions, workshops, and professional seminars.

National Event for the Promotion of Reading of the Cuban Association of Librarians and the National Library of Cuba José Martí

Meeting that is held every two years. It is a national meeting where librarians of all information systems present practical experiences and theoretical works that favour the promotion of reading in library institutions. Conferences are offered and the best activities are rewarded that, with their impact, add readers.

International Information Congress, INFO

This international congress is held every two years sponsored by the Institute of Scientific and Technological Information (IDICT), the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment of the Republic of Cuba (CITMA), the Library of the House of the Americas and the National Library of Cuba José Martí (BNCJM). Its main objective is to present results related to information science and librarianship. Exhibitions, conferences, workshops, and symposia are part of the event.

Cuban Librarians’ Day / Día del Bibliotecario Cubano

Cuban Librarian’s Day is celebrated every year on 7th June since 1950.

This day is celebrated in homage to the birth of Antonio Bachiller y Morales (7 June 1812), one of the most distinguished Cuban intellectuals: prolific journalist, historian, lawyer and bibliographer, considered the father of the Cuban bibliography.

The annual celebration of the anniversary not only honours the writers and editors, but also recognizes the work of all those who today give the best of themselves. Since 1995, the Cuban Association of Librarians (ASCUBI), in coordination with the Cuban Society of Information Sciences (SOCICT), awards the Commemorative Seal “Antonio Bachiller y Morales” to professionals and library institutions that have maintained an outstanding performance.

Library Location Resources

No information available