About Germany
Region: Europe
Area: 357,680 km²
Population: 83,516,593
Libraries (Service Points): 10,437
Libraries in Germany
Free and unimpeded access to knowledge and information is a fundamental right enshrined in the German constitution – a right to which German libraries are also committed. Providing analogue and digital media of all kinds, the libraries are the foundation of the country’s information supply, to the benefit of German society, politics, and economy.
The German library landscape is characterized by a decentralized structure – the absence of a central planning and control authority. There is a presence of intensive, internal cooperation and a strong international exchange of expertise. A large number of libraries types exist, each with its own tasks and functions. Most libraries are financed with public funds from state, federal states or local authorities, along with other sponsorships. Financial subsidies via Bibliothek & Information International support the libraries in their role as host.
The responsibility for cultural tasks, science, and art, as well as school and education, lies mainly with the federal states. The approximately 11,000 towns and municipalities share in this “cultural sovereignty” within the framework of their municipal cultural autonomy. Individual federal states have library laws which describe the system as a networked, cooperative system at the level of the respective state, but do not define standards or funding framework. There exists no national library law.
To counterbalance the lack of nationwide control and planning of the library system, cooperating institutions have been established at the federal and state levels. At the state level, these are the state-supported library departments and library service centres, and at the supra-regional level the regional library network systems. Member funded professional associations play an important role. The most important are: The German Library Association (dbv) as an association of institutions, the Professional Association Information Library (BIB) and the Association of German Librarians (VdB) as associations for employees. These associations are united, together with the Goethe Institute and the ekz Library Service Group, under the umbrella association Library and Information Germany (BID).
Other central coordinating functions are fulfilled by, among others, the Network of Excellence for Libraries (knb), which, for example, develops the German Library Statistics together with the Hochschulbibliothekszentrum NRW, and the German Research Foundation (DFG), to provide financial support for projects and tasks in the academic library system.
With over 43 million media units, the German National Library is the largest library in Germany, with two historically determined locations in Frankfurt am Main and Leipzig. The National Library has the right of deposit and the statutory task of collecting and registering the media works from 1913 onwards, published both in Germany and abroad. The State Library Berlin, the Bavarian State Library in Munich and the 3 central specialist libraries for medicine/life sciences in Cologne/Bonn, economics in Kiel/Hamburg and technology in Hanover are also of national importance. State libraries, university libraries, special libraries and public and municipal libraries are responsible for specific tasks and audiences.
Since 2014, the German Digital Library has provided access to millions of digital documents of cultural heritage and is integrated into ‘Europeana’. Current challenges are the promotion of open access publishing, the teaching of information and media literacy, the promotion of reading skills and intercultural integration, libraries as third space, the management of research data, the facilitation of cultural and social participation, the preservation of cultural heritage handed down in written form and the long-term archiving of electronic documents, and staff recruitment.
The statistical data for the Library Map of the World is provided by the German Library Statistics. The performance metrics include data only for those libraries taking part in the annual data collection. Participation and completeness of data varies among the library types and metrics since participation in the annual data collection is voluntary and there are no mandatory data fields to be filled in the questionnaire. Especially for school and scientific libraries only very low participation is achieved so far (below 10 % of the estimated total number of libraries).
SDG stories
Library data (Totals)
|
Library type |
Total |
National |
Academic |
Public |
Community |
School |
Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Libraries (Service Points)
Library service point is a fixed or mobile facility through which library provides a service to its users. Central libraries, branch libraries, mobile libraries, and external service points located in different geographical locations and managed by one administrative unit are all each individual service points. Number of libraries is the total number of central/main libraries, branch libraries, external service points and mobile libraries. 10,437 |
10,437 2024 |
5 2024 |
698 2024 |
5,159 2024 |
3,853 2024 |
437 2024 |
285 2024 |
|
Main Libraries
Central/main library is usually part or those parts of an administrative unit where the main administrative functions and the important parts of the library collection and services are located. An administrative unit comprising several branch libraries does not necessarily include a central library. 7,654 |
7,654 2024 |
3 2024 |
235 2024 |
3,240 2024 |
3,511 2024 |
437 2024 |
228 2024 |
|
Branch Libraries
Branch library is a part of a larger administrative unit providing, in separate quarters, a service for a particular user group (e.g. children, faculties) or for a locally defined clientele. Institute, departmental and other affiliated libraries are included. Mobile libraries and external service points are excluded. 1,881 |
1,881 2024 |
2 2024 |
463 2024 |
1,141 2024 |
120 2024 |
98 2022 |
57 2024 |
|
External Service Points
External service point is a point away from library premises at which a certain service is regularly offered to users. This includes places within a locality at which library material is deposited for informal circulation to a restricted group of users but without other library services, for example, old people’s homes, community centres, collections for hospital patients. Mobile libraries and their stops are not counted as external service points. 901 |
901 2024 |
0 2021 |
0 2021 |
682 2024 |
219 2024 |
0 2021 |
0 2021 |
|
Mobile Libraries
Mobile library is a library, sometimes a division of a public library, using transport means to provide documents and services directly to users as an alternative to access on library premises. 99 |
99 2024 |
0 2021 |
0 2021 |
96 2024 |
3 2024 |
0 2021 |
0 2021 |
|
Libraries (Administrative Units)
Administrative unit is any independent library, or group of libraries, under a single directorate or a single administration. The term “independent” does not imply legal or financial independence but only that the library is a recognisably separate unit, typically within a larger organisation. The administrative unit can be a single library or a larger organisation, typically containing a central/main library, branch libraries and administrative functions. 7,654 |
7,654 2024 |
3 2024 |
235 2024 |
3,240 2024 |
3,511 2024 |
437 2024 |
228 2024 |
|
Libraries with Internet Access
Libraries (Service Points) that provides internet access from at least one workstation available to the public regardless of whether access is free, and/or provides a wireless network allowing users to connect to the Internet. 4,993 |
4,993 2024 |
3 2020 |
209 2020 |
3,690 2024 |
641 2024 |
269 2024 |
181 2024 |
|
Full-Time Staff
Full-time equivalent (FTE) staff are all library employees who work for the library in return for payment. It includes professional staff, qualified staff, project staff and assistants. Other staff (library employees who work in security and on domestic duties, for example, cleaners, porters, caretakers and catering staff) and volunteers are excluded. 26,347 |
26,347 2024 |
1,882 2024 |
11,430 2024 |
10,902 2024 |
663 2024 |
227 2024 |
1,243 2024 |
|
Volunteers
Volunteer is a person working on library tasks without payment. In counting volunteers, the concept of headcount is used. 50,347 |
50,347 2024 |
N/A 2020 |
N/A 2021 |
13,503 2024 |
35,543 2024 |
1,301 2024 |
— |
|
Registered Users
Registered user is a person or organisation registered with a library in order to use its collection and/or services within or away from the library. Users may be registered upon their request or automatically when enrolling in the institutions. 10.9 M |
10,932,620 2024 |
217,495 2024 |
3,955,358 2024 |
5,337,246 2020 |
1,112,988 2020 |
176,197 2024 |
133,336 2024 |
|
Physical Visits
Physical visit is a person (individual) entering the library premises. 184.6 M |
184,594,350 2024 |
1,982,642 2024 |
69,326,409 2024 |
95,762,819 2024 |
15,021,626 2024 |
1,881,398 2024 |
619,456 2024 |
|
Physical Loans
Physical loan is a direct lending or delivery transaction of an item in physical form. Physical loans include loans of items in non-electronic form (e.g. books) and loans electronic documents on a physical carrier (e.g. CD-ROM). 247.9 M |
247,928,075 2024 |
2,061,737 2022 |
40,617,933 2022 |
173,262,540 2024 |
30,447,725 2024 |
464,882 2024 |
1,073,258 2024 |
|
eBook Loans
eBook is a non-serial digital document, licenced or not, where searchable text is prevalent, and similar to a print book (monograph). eBooks can be lent to users either on portable devices (eBook readers) or by transmitting the contents to the user’s PC or other device for a limited time period. 94.2 M |
94,177,267 2024 |
832,193 2024 |
48,739,150 2024 |
40,385,221 2022 |
3,668,581 2022 |
552,122 2015 |
— |
|
Audio Book Loans
Audio book (or talking book) is a sound recording of readings of a book, magazine, or newspaper, usually designed for use by visually impaired people. Audio books can be lent to users either on a physical carrier or other device, or by transmitting the content to the user’s PC or other device for a limited time period. — |
— |
N/A 2021 |
N/A 2021 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
Downloads
Download is a content unit that is successfully requested from a library-provided online service or other internet service (e.g. database, electronic serial or digital document). 211.7 M |
211,741,460 2024 |
853,663 2024 |
210,887,797 2024 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
Library data (Per 1M People)
|
Library type |
Total |
National |
Academic |
Public |
Community |
School |
Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Libraries (Service Points)
10,437
Library service point is a fixed or mobile facility through which library provides a service to its users. Central libraries, branch libraries, mobile libraries, and external service points located in different geographical locations and managed by one administrative unit are all each individual service points. Number of libraries is the total number of central/main libraries, branch libraries, external service points and mobile libraries. |
125 2024 |
0.1 2024 |
8.4 2024 |
61.8 2024 |
46.1 2024 |
5.2 2024 |
3.4 2024 |
|
Main Libraries
7,654
Central/main library is usually part or those parts of an administrative unit where the main administrative functions and the important parts of the library collection and services are located. An administrative unit comprising several branch libraries does not necessarily include a central library. |
91.6 2024 |
0 2024 |
2.8 2024 |
38.8 2024 |
42 2024 |
5.2 2024 |
2.7 2024 |
|
Branch Libraries
1,881
Branch library is a part of a larger administrative unit providing, in separate quarters, a service for a particular user group (e.g. children, faculties) or for a locally defined clientele. Institute, departmental and other affiliated libraries are included. Mobile libraries and external service points are excluded. |
22.5 2024 |
0 2024 |
5.5 2024 |
13.7 2024 |
1.4 2024 |
1.2 2022 |
0.7 2024 |
|
External Service Points
901
External service point is a point away from library premises at which a certain service is regularly offered to users. This includes places within a locality at which library material is deposited for informal circulation to a restricted group of users but without other library services, for example, old people’s homes, community centres, collections for hospital patients. Mobile libraries and their stops are not counted as external service points. |
10.8 2024 |
0 2021 |
0 2021 |
8.2 2024 |
2.6 2024 |
0 2021 |
0 2021 |
|
Mobile Libraries
99
Mobile library is a library, sometimes a division of a public library, using transport means to provide documents and services directly to users as an alternative to access on library premises. |
1.2 2024 |
0 2021 |
0 2021 |
1.1 2024 |
0 2024 |
0 2021 |
0 2021 |
|
Libraries (Administrative Units)
7,654
Administrative unit is any independent library, or group of libraries, under a single directorate or a single administration. The term “independent” does not imply legal or financial independence but only that the library is a recognisably separate unit, typically within a larger organisation. The administrative unit can be a single library or a larger organisation, typically containing a central/main library, branch libraries and administrative functions. |
91.6 2024 |
0 2024 |
2.8 2024 |
38.8 2024 |
42 2024 |
5.2 2024 |
2.7 2024 |
|
Libraries with Internet Access
4,993
Libraries (Service Points) that provides internet access from at least one workstation available to the public regardless of whether access is free, and/or provides a wireless network allowing users to connect to the Internet. |
59.8 2024 |
0 2020 |
2.5 2020 |
44.2 2024 |
7.7 2024 |
3.2 2024 |
2.2 2024 |
|
Full-Time Staff
26,347
Full-time equivalent (FTE) staff are all library employees who work for the library in return for payment. It includes professional staff, qualified staff, project staff and assistants. Other staff (library employees who work in security and on domestic duties, for example, cleaners, porters, caretakers and catering staff) and volunteers are excluded. |
315.5 2024 |
22.5 2024 |
136.9 2024 |
130.5 2024 |
7.9 2024 |
2.7 2024 |
14.9 2024 |
|
Volunteers
50,347
Volunteer is a person working on library tasks without payment. In counting volunteers, the concept of headcount is used. |
602.8 2024 |
— 2020 |
— 2021 |
161.7 2024 |
425.6 2024 |
15.6 2024 |
— |
|
Registered Users
10.9 M
Registered user is a person or organisation registered with a library in order to use its collection and/or services within or away from the library. Users may be registered upon their request or automatically when enrolling in the institutions. |
130,903.6 2024 |
2,604.2 2024 |
47,360.1 2024 |
63,906.4 2020 |
13,326.5 2020 |
2,109.7 2024 |
1,596.5 2024 |
|
Physical Visits
184.6 M
Physical visit is a person (individual) entering the library premises. |
2.2 M 2024 |
23,739.5 2024 |
830,091.4 2024 |
1.1 M 2024 |
179,864 2024 |
22,527.2 2024 |
7,417.2 2024 |
|
Physical Loans
247.9 M
Physical loan is a direct lending or delivery transaction of an item in physical form. Physical loans include loans of items in non-electronic form (e.g. books) and loans electronic documents on a physical carrier (e.g. CD-ROM). |
3 M 2024 |
24,686.6 2022 |
486,345.7 2022 |
2.1 M 2024 |
364,571 2024 |
5,566.3 2024 |
12,850.8 2024 |
|
eBook Loans
94.2 M
eBook is a non-serial digital document, licenced or not, where searchable text is prevalent, and similar to a print book (monograph). eBooks can be lent to users either on portable devices (eBook readers) or by transmitting the contents to the user’s PC or other device for a limited time period. |
1.1 M 2024 |
9,964.4 2024 |
583,586.4 2024 |
483,559.2 2022 |
43,926.4 2022 |
6,610.9 2015 |
— |
|
Audio Book Loans
—
Audio book (or talking book) is a sound recording of readings of a book, magazine, or newspaper, usually designed for use by visually impaired people. Audio books can be lent to users either on a physical carrier or other device, or by transmitting the content to the user’s PC or other device for a limited time period. |
— |
— 2021 |
— 2021 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
Downloads
211.7 M
Download is a content unit that is successfully requested from a library-provided online service or other internet service (e.g. database, electronic serial or digital document). |
2.5 M 2024 |
10,221.5 2024 |
2.5 M 2024 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
Contextual data
|
Population |
Germany |
Region |
World |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Population Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates. |
83,516,593 2024 |
928,263,208 2024 |
8,141,808,945 2024 |
|
Proportion of Population Younger than 15 Age dependency ratio, young, is the ratio of younger dependents--people younger than 15--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population. |
22.1% 2024 |
27.0% 2024 |
38.0% 2024 |
|
Proportion of Population Older than 64 Age dependency ratio, old, is the ratio of older dependents--people older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population. |
36.9% 2024 |
28.1% 2024 |
15.7% 2024 |
|
Population Growth Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. |
0.3% 2024 |
0 2024 |
1.0% 2024 |
|
Population Density Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes. |
238.4% 2023 |
33.7% 2022 |
61.6% 2022 |
|
Urban Population Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. The data are collected and smoothed by United Nations Population Division. |
82.0% 2024 |
74.0% 2024 |
57.6% 2024 |
|
Information Infrastructure |
Germany |
Region |
World |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Internet Users Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. |
93.5% 2024 |
90.9% 2024 |
71.2% 2024 |
|
Female Internet Users This indicator refers to female individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. |
91.5% 2023 |
90.0% 2024 |
68.2% 2024 |
|
Male Internet Users This indicator refers to male individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. |
- |
90.0% |
- |
|
Access to Electricity Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources. |
100.0% 2023 |
100.0% 2023 |
91.6% 2023 |
|
Economy, Poverty, and Employment |
Germany |
Region |
World |
|---|---|---|---|
|
GDP per Capita This indicator provides values for gross domestic product (GDP) expressed in current international dollars, converted by purchasing power parities (PPPs). PPPs account for the different price levels across countries and thus PPP-based comparisons of economic output are more appropriate for comparing the output of economies and the average material well-being of their inhabitants than exchange-rate based comparisons. Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This series has been linked to produce a consistent time series to counteract breaks in series over time due to changes in base years, source data and methodologies. Thus, it may not be comparable with other national accounts series in the database for historical years. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. The PPP conversion factor is a currency conversion factor and a spatial price deflator. PPPs convert different currencies to a common currency and, in the process of conversion, equalize their purchasing power by eliminating the differences in price levels between countries, thereby allowing volume or output comparisons of GDP and its expenditure components. |
72,295 2024 |
51,720.6 2024 |
24,405 2024 |
|
Poverty Rate Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $3.00 a day at 2021 purchasing power adjusted prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions. |
0.2% 2020 |
0.5% 2024 |
10.3% 2024 |
|
Inequality Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality. |
32.4% 2020 |
0.0% |
- |
|
Unemployment Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country. |
3.4% 2024 |
5.3% 2024 |
6.2% 2021 |
|
Inactive Youth The share of youth not in education, employment or training (also known as “the NEET rate”) conveys the number of young persons not in education, employment or training as a percentage of the total youth population. Youth not in education are those who were neither enrolled in school nor in a formal training program (e.g. vocational training). For the purposes of this indicator, youth is defined as all persons between the ages of 15 and 24 (inclusive). percentage of youth population |
7.5% 2024 |
11.7% 2024 |
- |
|
Education and Literacy |
Germany |
Region |
World |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Education Spending General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of GDP. It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments. percentage of GDP |
5.2% 2022 |
4.6% 2022 |
3.5% 2023 |
|
Adult Literacy Rate Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. percentage of people ages 15 and above |
- |
4.6% 2022 |
87.7% 2024 |
|
Female Adult Literacy Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. percentage of females ages 15 and above |
- |
98.5% 2024 |
84.6% 2024 |
|
Male Adult Literacy Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. percentage of males ages 15 and above |
- |
99.1% 2023 |
90.9% 2024 |
|
Female Youth Literacy Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. percentage of females ages 15-24 |
- |
99.8% 2023 |
92.0% 2024 |
|
Male Youth Literacy Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. percentage of males ages 15-24 |
- |
99.8% 2023 |
94.1% 2024 |
|
Research and Innovation |
Germany |
Region |
World |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Research Spending Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development. percentage of GDP |
3.1% 2022 |
2.0% 2022 |
2.7% 2022 |
|
Researchers The number of researchers engaged in Research &Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Researchers are professionals who conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models techniques instrumentation, software of operational methods. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development. per million people |
5,787 2022 |
3,466.1 2022 |
1,516 2018 |
|
Scientific Articles Article counts refer to publications from a selection of conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journals from Scopus in science and engineering fields, according to the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Taxonomy of Disciplines. fractional count |
113,976 2022 |
913,901.4 2022 |
3,338,192 2022 |
National Library Associations
There is no information available.
National Library
There is no information available.
Policy Making Institutions
There is no information available.
Library Support Organisations
There are no library support organisations in Germany.
National Policy for Libraries
There is no information available.
Library Law
This law regulates the tasks, competences and organisation of the German National Library.
Legal Deposit Law
The law requires that two copies of media works (defined as all writing, images or sound, distributed or made available to the public, but not films which do not mainly focus on music, or radio works) on physical media are sent to the dnb [German National Library] free of charge and without being requested to do so. In case of online publications, only single copy needs to be deposited. This should happen within one week – after which the library can send a reminder. If nothing happens after a further three weeks, the library can procure a copy at the cost of the producer. This applies to those who have created or distribute or make available works and who have their place of establishment or residence in Germany.
Various import interfaces are provided for deposits of digital documents. If a publication appears both online and in a physical format, copies must be deposited in both formats. They should come in a format that allows the library to make use of it, including for preservation purposes.
Additionally, each federal state of Germany requires that one or two copies of works published in that state be deposited in the respective state library repository.
The library may make copies of works and give access as long as the original work itself is also freely available to the public (i.e. unpaywalled websites).
Copyright Law & Library Exceptions and Limitations
The German Act on Copyright and Related Rights (UrhG) was substantially revised in 2018. Part 1 Division 6 Subdivision 4 (Sections 60a- h) of the UrhG now regulates lawfully permitted uses for teaching, science and institutions, with other possibilities elsewhere.
In particular, the law implements the Marrakesh Treaty (although retains the notion that libraries as authorised entities should pay a form of compensation to authors for copies), and includes remunerated exceptions for copying for teaching and research, including non-commercial text and data mining. The law on text and data mining at least will need to be reformed in the context of the implementation of the EU Copyright Directive – the German Library Association is focusing on this, as well as rules on ancillary copyright for press publishers, and calling for a legal basis for eBook rental.
For libraries, it includes unremunerated exceptions for copying for making available (providing access), indexing, cataloguing, preservation and restoration, and remunerated exceptions (i.e. with payment of a fee to a collecting society) for exhibitions, for cooperation between libraries on restoration by sharing copies, for users to make limited copies for private research, for access on dedicated terminals, and for document supply. With the exception of access at dedicated terminals in some cases, these possibilities cannot be taken away by contract terms.
Germany also has rules allowing for the use of orphan works, following a sufficient search for rightholders, as well as of out-of-commerce works produced before a certain point, in exchange for a payment to a collecting society.
One central concern for libraries with regard to the UrhG is that the Section regulating lawfully permitted uses for teaching, science and institutions (Part 1 Division 6 Subdivision 4) shall, according to Section 142 (2), no longer apply as from 1 March 2023. The prospective non-application causes great legal uncertainty for libraries. The German Library Association is therefore advocating in favour of deleting Section 142 (2) as part of the implementation process of the Copyright Directive. Read the full position paper from the German Library Association (available in German).
Professional Qualification Requirements
There is no information available.
Education
There is no information available.
Professional Publications
There is no information available.
Professional Events
There is no information available.
Library Location Resources
No information available
Contributors