Libraries in Malaysia
Library system in Malaysia is centralized and highly developed especially in the urban areas.
There are many types of libraries in Malaysia comprising of the National Library of Malaysia, State Public Libraries, Academic Libraries, Special Libraries, Community Libraries and School Libraries.
Government libraries are financed by the Central and State Government through an annual budget whereas Private libraries are financed by their respective organisations.
National Library of Malaysia through the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture (MOTAC) is responsible for the development of policy and legislation concerning libraries in Malaysia. Among others, one of the strategic development priorities in Malaysia is to provide rural library in every Parliamentary Constitution and to bridge the digital and information divide.
The main objectives of the Librarians Association of Malaysia are to:
The major national achievement for the library profession in Malaysia was the successful hosting of the 84th International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions World Library and Information Congress (IFLA WLIC) in Kuala Lumpur from the 24th to 30th August 2018 at the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre. A total of 3,389 participants from 196 countries including 1,241 participants from Malaysia attended the Congress.
Another major achievement is that Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia, was named the World Book Capital 2020 by the Director-General of UNESCO. The city was selected because of the strong focus on inclusive education, the development of a knowledge-based society and accessible reading for all parts of the city’s population.
The Librarians Association of Malaysia collaborates with the National Library of Malaysia and Sarawak State Library as contributors to the IFLA Library Map of the World by providing and updating library data, country profile and SDG stories. Malaysia’s first SDG story about the “Reading Seeds” programme was published on the Map in February 2022. Librarians Association of Malaysia also raises awareness about the Library Map of the World and its use within the national library field through various programmes.
The Librarians Association of Malaysia Code of Ethics was revised in 2022. The purpose of drawing up a code of ethics for the librarians is to help set standards of professional conduct expected of members in line with the aims and objectives of the Association.
Library data
Contextual data
Population
Population Growth
Proportion of Population Younger than 15
Proportion of Population Older than 64
Population Density
people per sq km
Population Growth
Access to Electricity
Internet Users
Female Internet Users
Male Internet Users
GDP per capita
Poverty Rate
2011 PPP
Inequality
2011 PPP
Unemployment
Inactive Youth
2011 PPP
Education Spending
% of GDP
Adult Literacy Rate
% of people age 15+
Female Adult Literacy
% of GDP
Male Adult Literacy
% of people age 15+
Female Youth Literacy
% of GDP
Male Youth Literacy
% of people age 15+
Research Spending
% of GDP
Researchers
% of GDP
Research Spending
% of GDP
Library data
|
Library type |
Total |
National |
Academic |
Public |
Community |
School |
Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Libraries (Service Points)
13,158
Library service point is a fixed or mobile facility through which library provides a service to its users. Central libraries, branch libraries, mobile libraries, and external service points located in different geographical locations and managed by one administrative unit are all each individual service points. Number of libraries is the total number of central/main libraries, branch libraries, external service points and mobile libraries. |
13,158 2022 |
5 2022 |
428 2021 |
1,425 2021 |
96 2017 |
10,622 2021 |
582 2021 |
|
Main Libraries
11,649
Central/main library is usually part or those parts of an administrative unit where the main administrative functions and the important parts of the library collection and services are located. An administrative unit comprising several branch libraries does not necessarily include a central library. |
11,649 2022 |
1 2022 |
428 2021 |
16 2021 |
— |
10,622 2021 |
582 2021 |
|
Branch Libraries
1,337
Branch library is a part of a larger administrative unit providing, in separate quarters, a service for a particular user group (e.g. children, faculties) or for a locally defined clientele. Institute, departmental and other affiliated libraries are included. Mobile libraries and external service points are excluded. |
1,337 2022 |
4 2022 |
0 2021 |
1,333 2021 |
— |
0 2018 |
0 2019 |
|
External Service Points
0
External service point is a point away from library premises at which a certain service is regularly offered to users. This includes places within a locality at which library material is deposited for informal circulation to a restricted group of users but without other library services, for example, old people’s homes, community centres, collections for hospital patients. Mobile libraries and their stops are not counted as external service points. |
0 2022 |
0 2022 |
0 2021 |
0 2021 |
— |
0 2018 |
0 2019 |
|
Mobile Libraries
76
Mobile library is a library, sometimes a division of a public library, using transport means to provide documents and services directly to users as an alternative to access on library premises. |
76 2022 |
0 2022 |
0 2021 |
76 2021 |
— |
0 2018 |
0 2019 |
|
Libraries (Administrative Units)
11,649
Administrative unit is any independent library, or group of libraries, under a single directorate or a single administration. The term “independent” does not imply legal or financial independence but only that the library is a recognisably separate unit, typically within a larger organisation. The administrative unit can be a single library or a larger organisation, typically containing a central/main library, branch libraries and administrative functions. |
11,649 2022 |
1 2022 |
428 2021 |
16 2021 |
— |
10,622 2021 |
582 2021 |
|
Libraries with Internet Access
2,489
Libraries (Service Points) that provides internet access from at least one workstation available to the public regardless of whether access is free, and/or provides a wireless network allowing users to connect to the Internet. |
2,489 2022 |
5 2022 |
428 2021 |
1,241 2021 |
96 2017 |
137 2021 |
582 2021 |
|
Full-Time Staff
10,592
Full-time equivalent (FTE) staff are all library employees who work for the library in return for payment. It includes professional staff, qualified staff, project staff and assistants. Other staff (library employees who work in security and on domestic duties, for example, cleaners, porters, caretakers and catering staff) and volunteers are excluded. |
10,592 2022 |
481 2022 |
3,443 2021 |
4,721 2021 |
14 2017 |
208 2021 |
1,725 2021 |
|
Volunteers
105
Volunteer is a person working on library tasks without payment. In counting volunteers, the concept of headcount is used. |
105 2022 |
105 2022 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
Registered Users
15.4 M
Registered user is a person or organisation registered with a library in order to use its collection and/or services within or away from the library. Users may be registered upon their request or automatically when enrolling in the institutions. |
15,375,092 2022 |
1,359,123 2022 |
3,814,804 2021 |
7,494,750 2021 |
452,518 2017 |
256,211 2021 |
1,997,686 2021 |
|
Physical Visits
5.4 M
Physical visit is a person (individual) entering the library premises. |
5,389,282 2022 |
61,199 2022 |
688,692 2021 |
1,312,262 2021 |
2,197,797 2017 |
50,564 2021 |
1,078,768 2021 |
|
Physical Loans
4.8 M
Physical loan is a direct lending or delivery transaction of an item in physical form. Physical loans include loans of items in non-electronic form (e.g. books) and loans electronic documents on a physical carrier (e.g. CD-ROM). |
4,829,081 2022 |
201,802 2022 |
572,246 2021 |
2,323,009 2021 |
1,156,428 2017 |
416,662 2021 |
158,934 2021 |
|
eBook Loans
499,758
eBook is a non-serial digital document, licenced or not, where searchable text is prevalent, and similar to a print book (monograph). eBooks can be lent to users either on portable devices (eBook readers) or by transmitting the contents to the user’s PC or other device for a limited time period. |
499,758 2022 |
476,873 2022 |
— |
— |
— |
22,885 2021 |
— |
|
Audio Book Loans
4,852
Audio book (or talking book) is a sound recording of readings of a book, magazine, or newspaper, usually designed for use by visually impaired people. Audio books can be lent to users either on a physical carrier or other device, or by transmitting the content to the user’s PC or other device for a limited time period. |
4,852 2022 |
4,852 2022 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
Downloads
21.2 M
Download is a content unit that is successfully requested from a library-provided online service or other internet service (e.g. database, electronic serial or digital document). |
21,169,649 2022 |
11,961 2022 |
20,664,607 2021 |
— |
— |
46,491 2018 |
446,590 2021 |
Contextual data
|
Population |
Malaysia |
Region |
World |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Population Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates. |
35,557,673 2024 |
2,388,319,494 2024 |
8,141,808,945 2024 |
|
Proportion of Population Younger than 15 Age dependency ratio, young, is the ratio of younger dependents--people younger than 15--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population. |
30.9% 2024 |
26.4% 2024 |
38.0% 2024 |
|
Proportion of Population Older than 64 Age dependency ratio, old, is the ratio of older dependents--people older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population. |
11.0% 2024 |
20.0% 2024 |
15.7% 2024 |
|
Population Growth Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. |
1.2% 2024 |
0 2024 |
1.0% 2024 |
|
Population Density Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes. |
106.9% 2023 |
97.3% 2022 |
61.6% 2022 |
|
Urban Population Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. The data are collected and smoothed by United Nations Population Division. |
76.9% 2024 |
64.4% 2024 |
57.6% 2024 |
|
Information Infrastructure |
Malaysia |
Region |
World |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Internet Users Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. |
98.0% 2024 |
86.6% 2024 |
71.2% 2024 |
|
Female Internet Users This indicator refers to female individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. |
97.2% 2023 |
85.5% 2024 |
68.2% 2024 |
|
Male Internet Users This indicator refers to male individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. |
- |
85.5% |
- |
|
Access to Electricity Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources. |
100.0% 2023 |
98.4% 2023 |
91.6% 2023 |
|
Economy, Poverty, and Employment |
Malaysia |
Region |
World |
|---|---|---|---|
|
GDP per Capita This indicator provides values for gross domestic product (GDP) expressed in current international dollars, converted by purchasing power parities (PPPs). PPPs account for the different price levels across countries and thus PPP-based comparisons of economic output are more appropriate for comparing the output of economies and the average material well-being of their inhabitants than exchange-rate based comparisons. Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This series has been linked to produce a consistent time series to counteract breaks in series over time due to changes in base years, source data and methodologies. Thus, it may not be comparable with other national accounts series in the database for historical years. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. The PPP conversion factor is a currency conversion factor and a spatial price deflator. PPPs convert different currencies to a common currency and, in the process of conversion, equalize their purchasing power by eliminating the differences in price levels between countries, thereby allowing volume or output comparisons of GDP and its expenditure components. |
38,779 2024 |
27,212.2 2024 |
24,405 2024 |
|
Poverty Rate Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $3.00 a day at 2021 purchasing power adjusted prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions. |
0.1% 2015 |
2.0% 2024 |
10.3% 2024 |
|
Inequality Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality. |
40.7% 2021 |
0.0% |
- |
|
Unemployment Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country. |
3.9% 2022 |
4.4% 2021 |
6.2% 2021 |
|
Inactive Youth The share of youth not in education, employment or training (also known as “the NEET rate”) conveys the number of young persons not in education, employment or training as a percentage of the total youth population. Youth not in education are those who were neither enrolled in school nor in a formal training program (e.g. vocational training). For the purposes of this indicator, youth is defined as all persons between the ages of 15 and 24 (inclusive). percentage of youth population |
10.2% 2022 |
15.4% 2000 |
- |
|
Education and Literacy |
Malaysia |
Region |
World |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Education Spending General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of GDP. It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments. percentage of GDP |
3.5% 2023 |
3.5% 2023 |
3.5% 2023 |
|
Adult Literacy Rate Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. percentage of people ages 15 and above |
95.8% 2022 |
3.5% 2023 |
87.7% 2024 |
|
Female Adult Literacy Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. percentage of females ages 15 and above |
94.7% 2022 |
95.3% 2024 |
84.6% 2024 |
|
Male Adult Literacy Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. percentage of males ages 15 and above |
94.7% 2022 |
97.9% 2024 |
90.9% 2024 |
|
Female Youth Literacy Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. percentage of females ages 15-24 |
98.3% 2022 |
99.2% 2024 |
92.0% 2024 |
|
Male Youth Literacy Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. percentage of males ages 15-24 |
99.3% 2022 |
99.0% 2024 |
94.1% 2024 |
|
Research and Innovation |
Malaysia |
Region |
World |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Research Spending Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development. percentage of GDP |
1.0% 2020 |
2.8% 2022 |
2.7% 2022 |
|
Researchers The number of researchers engaged in Research &Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Researchers are professionals who conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models techniques instrumentation, software of operational methods. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development. per million people |
712 2020 |
2,304.4 2022 |
1,516 2018 |
|
Scientific Articles Article counts refer to publications from a selection of conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journals from Scopus in science and engineering fields, according to the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Taxonomy of Disciplines. fractional count |
26,506 2022 |
1,294,313.1 2022 |
3,338,192 2022 |
National Library Associations
Librarians Association of Malaysia or better known as Persatuan Pustakawan Malaysia (PPM) was established in 1955. PPM is registered under the Societies Act 1966 (Act 335) and is governed by the Librarians Association of Malaysia Constitution (Amendment) 1998 (Incorporating all amendments up to 25th December 2020). PPM is the only professional body for the library and information services in Malaysia and is an institutional member of IFLA since 1968. PPM have greatly contributed to the development of libraries in Malaysia. As at 2022, PPM has 2,705 registered members comprising of 10 Honorary Life Members, 56 Life Members, 1,735 Professional Members, 4 Corresponding Members, 345 Student Members, 148 Institutional Members, 202 Allied Members and 126 Affiliate Members.
National Library
The role of the national library is to make the national collection of library resources available for use to present and future generations, to facilitate nation wide access to library resources available within the country and abroad as well as to provide leadership pertaining to libraries in Malaysia.
Policy Making Institutions
MOTAC is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia that is responsible for tourism, culture, archives, library, museum, heritage, arts, theatre, handicraft, visual arts, convention, exhibitions, Islamic tourism, and craft.
Library Support Organisations
Persatuan Sejarah Lisan Malaysia or the Oral History Association of Malaysia was established in 2013. The objectives of the association are to:
The members of the association are historians, lecturers, librarians, university students and those who are interested in oral history. To date, the association has organised various workshops, conferences, and webinars.
National Policy for Libraries
The National Policy on Library and Information Services 1994 sets out broad guidelines for the systematic and planned development of libraries and information services in keeping with the needs of major sectoral areas as well as the needs of all sections of the communities whether in the urban or rural areas. The scope of the policy is to cover the acquisition, organisation, management and dissemination of library materials and the information contained therein.
The aim of the policy is to ensure tracing, acquisition, documentation and preservation of Malaysiana Collection as a national intellectual heritage of Malaysia. It also aims to provide a Centre of Excellence for Malaysiana Collection in research, information services and publications pertaining to Malaysia.
The overall goal of the policy is to ensure a well planned National Reading Programme and to inculcate reading habits through lifelong learning.
The aim of the policy is to collect, document and conserve the Malay manuscripts as the national heritage and to provide a national information centre for research services and to publish publications pertaining to Malay Manuscripts.
Library Law
The Law, issued in 1972, covers all libraries and related organisations in Malaysia. It includes (a) Establishment and Management of National Library (b) Establishment of Advisory Board (c) Establishment of National Library Fund and (d) Miscellaneous.
Legal Deposit Law
According to this law, issued in 1986, the published (libraries, organisations, individual, agencies) of every printed and non-printed materials published in Malaysia must submit 5 printed copies and 2 copies of non-printed materials to the National Library as a national heritage. The deposted materials are preserved and documented in the online Malaysian National Bibliography. Researchers can have access to the deposited materials on site through a formal request to the National Library.
Copyright Law & Library Exceptions and Limitations
Under the provision of the Copyright Act , Part II(General Provisions) , Section 9. Copyright in Published Edition of Works, Sub Section (5) : The Government, the National Archives, or any State Archives, the National Library, or any State library, or any public libraries and educational, scientific or professional institutions as the Minister may by order prescribe, may reproduce the typographical arrangement of a published edition without infringing the copyright subsisting by virtue of this section if such reproduction is in the public interest and is compatible with fair dealing and the provisions of any regulations.
Professional Qualification Requirements
Public Services Commission of Malaysia requires formal professional qualification for librarian position as follows: 1) Bachelor of Library and Information Studies, 2) Masters in Library and Information Studies.
Education
There are four universities in Malaysia that provide LIS educatio:
Professional Publications
Jurnal PPM is published annually by the Persatuan Pustakawan Malaysia (Librarians Association of Malaysia). The journal publishes original articles on all aspects of library and information science and invites contributions from librarians, information scientists, educators, administrators, publishers, and other interested persons. It is published and distributed free to all its members and cal also be acces online full text.
PPM Newsletter is published online by the Librarians Association of Malaysia / Persatuan Pustakawan Malaysia (PPM) and it covers current news on PPM’s activities/programme and related library news of other libraries and organisations.
The Journal of Academic Library Management (AcLiM) is an open-access journal published bi-annually by Perpustakaan Tun Abdul Razak, UiTM Shah Alam (Universiti Teknologi MARA Library). The publishers invite librarians, educators, academicians, teachers, researchers, postgraduate students, and policymakers to participate in AcLiM. The journal welcomes submissions of significant findings to innovative practices, expertise and management in academic library.
The Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science (ISSN: 1394-6234) is published three times a year in April, August and December by the Department of Library & Information Science, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Universiti Malaya. The journal publishes original research articles in the field of library and information science (LIS) as well as related domains that encapsulate information and knowledge. It also encourages contribution about professional policies, practices, principles and progress in the LIS fields. The journal aims to provide a forum for communications amongst LIS professionals especially within the Asia Pacific region, to introduce new concepts, methodologies, systems and technology. It was first published in 1996 and from 1996 to 2008, the journal was published both in print and electronic. From 2009, only the electronic version has been made available. The journal is indexed and abstracted by Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science (Q3), Elsevier’s Scopus (Q2) and Malaysia’s MyJurnal.
Sekitar Perpustakaan is a journal published bi-annually by the National Library of Malaysia. The main objective of this journal is to fulfil the needs of professionalism of the librarians. The journal is also to encourage the exchange of ideas and information as well as experiences among the librarians. The articles are written either in the Malay language or English language. Article written in the Malay Language are accompanied by an abstract in the English Language. The authors, solely responsible for the opinions expressed in their papers, are librarians from the National Library of Malaysia and other institutions in Malaysia. Any forms of reproduction are prohibited except with the prior written permission from the Director-General of National Library of Malaysia.
Professional Events
It is celebrated on the 6th June each year by libraries and librarians in Malaysia. The objective of celebrating Librarian Day is to give recognition to the library profession and its contribution to the library development in Malaysia.
Annual Conference of Libraries in Malaysia is held annually, usually in the month of May, and jointly organised by National Library of Malaysia and the Librarians Association of Malaysia. It is a three-day Conference and is open to all librarians in Malaysia. Among the objectives of the conference are as a platform for discussion pertaining to reading habits among Malaysia and to enhance the role of the library to achieve the National Reading Decade 2030. The conference comprises of Keynote Address, Plenary Sessions, Workshops and Lightning Talks.
Conference of Universities and National Library of Malaysia (PERPUN) is held twice a year and the chairman is the Director General of the National Library of Malaysia. The members of PERPUN consists of Chief Librarians from 20 government public universities, 5 government link company universities and the National Library. The objectives of PERPUN is to discuss various issues of common interest and also to establish electronic library network between university libraries, current information services, subscription of databases and publications document delivery services.
International Conference on Libraries (ICOL) is a once-every-two-years opportunity that provides platform for participants and presenters to access the best information, discover new ideas and network with people in the profession. The objectives is providing a platform for information sharing, expertise, experience and professionalism through paper presentations and research finding; fostering the strategic networks, promote cooperation and exchange of experiences in the field of librarianship.
The aim of the International Conference on Libraries, Information and Society (ICoLIS) is to bring together the Library & Information Science (LIS) professionals to exchange and share new ideas, experiences, and research. The main objectives are: to provide opportunities for sharing and discussion of the current status, innovations, trends, research, directions, solutions, issues and challenges adopted in the fields of LIS; to explore ways and reality-based scenarios in developing new models in library and information services; and to examine issues related to consolidating technology, information resources, knowledge and skills into strategic competencies in order to strengthen the role of libraries and information in servicing the community.
Library Location Resources
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