About Singapore
Region: Asia-Oceania
Area: 728 km²
Population: 6,036,860
Libraries (Service Points): 99
Libraries in Singapore
The public libraries, National Library, and National Archives of Singapore are managed by the National Library Board (NLB).
The NLB, a statutory board established under the National Library Board Act (Chapter 197) in 1 September 1995, is an agency under the Ministry of Communication and Information (MCI).
Over the last two decades, NLB has increased the number of public libraries from 10 to the current 26. Furthermore, NLB has also increased its service points to citizens by setting up more than 300 community reading corners across the country in the past few years.
The libraries run by NLB are highly developed, providing trusted and accessible information service through continual upgrading of library spaces and introduction of new library services. The NLB has also transformed its libraries from book lenders and venues for research to social learning spaces where people can participate in activities and learn through interacting with others.
The MCI is a ministry of the Government of Singapore. It oversees the development of the information and communication technology, cyber security, and media and design sectors; the National Library, National Archives and public libraries; as well as Government’s information and public communication policies. It allocates funds for the NLB to fulfil its mission of nurturing readers for life, developing learning communities and building a knowledgeable nation.
The Library Association of Singapore (LAS) is the national organisation representing the interests of library and information professionals in Singapore. LAS provides opportunities for networking, professional advancement and sharing of latest developments through its publications, talks, visits, conferences, training courses and social activities.
Recent national achievements in Singapore’s library field include:
SDG stories
Library data (Totals)
|
Library type |
Total |
National |
Academic |
Public |
Community |
School |
Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Libraries (Service Points)
Library service point is a fixed or mobile facility through which library provides a service to its users. Central libraries, branch libraries, mobile libraries, and external service points located in different geographical locations and managed by one administrative unit are all each individual service points. Number of libraries is the total number of central/main libraries, branch libraries, external service points and mobile libraries. 99 |
99 2025 |
1 2024 |
65 2025 |
33 2024 |
— |
— |
N/A 2024 |
|
Main Libraries
Central/main library is usually part or those parts of an administrative unit where the main administrative functions and the important parts of the library collection and services are located. An administrative unit comprising several branch libraries does not necessarily include a central library. 46 |
46 2025 |
1 2024 |
45 2025 |
— |
— |
— |
N/A 2024 |
|
Branch Libraries
Branch library is a part of a larger administrative unit providing, in separate quarters, a service for a particular user group (e.g. children, faculties) or for a locally defined clientele. Institute, departmental and other affiliated libraries are included. Mobile libraries and external service points are excluded. 46 |
46 2025 |
— |
20 2025 |
26 2024 |
— |
— |
N/A 2024 |
|
External Service Points
External service point is a point away from library premises at which a certain service is regularly offered to users. This includes places within a locality at which library material is deposited for informal circulation to a restricted group of users but without other library services, for example, old people’s homes, community centres, collections for hospital patients. Mobile libraries and their stops are not counted as external service points. 4 |
4 2025 |
— |
0 2025 |
4 2024 |
— |
— |
N/A 2024 |
|
Mobile Libraries
Mobile library is a library, sometimes a division of a public library, using transport means to provide documents and services directly to users as an alternative to access on library premises. 3 |
3 2025 |
— |
0 2025 |
3 2024 |
— |
— |
N/A 2024 |
|
Libraries (Administrative Units)
Administrative unit is any independent library, or group of libraries, under a single directorate or a single administration. The term “independent” does not imply legal or financial independence but only that the library is a recognisably separate unit, typically within a larger organisation. The administrative unit can be a single library or a larger organisation, typically containing a central/main library, branch libraries and administrative functions. 79 |
79 2025 |
1 2024 |
45 2025 |
33 2024 |
— |
— |
N/A 2024 |
|
Libraries with Internet Access
Libraries (Service Points) that provides internet access from at least one workstation available to the public regardless of whether access is free, and/or provides a wireless network allowing users to connect to the Internet. 55 |
55 2024 |
1 2024 |
28 2016 |
26 2024 |
— |
— |
N/A 2024 |
|
Full-Time Staff
Full-time equivalent (FTE) staff are all library employees who work for the library in return for payment. It includes professional staff, qualified staff, project staff and assistants. Other staff (library employees who work in security and on domestic duties, for example, cleaners, porters, caretakers and catering staff) and volunteers are excluded. 914 |
914 2024 |
89 2024 |
510 2016 |
315 2024 |
— |
— |
N/A 2024 |
|
Volunteers
Volunteer is a person working on library tasks without payment. In counting volunteers, the concept of headcount is used. 6,889 |
6,889 2024 |
— |
233 2016 |
6,656 2024 |
— |
— |
N/A 2024 |
|
Registered Users
Registered user is a person or organisation registered with a library in order to use its collection and/or services within or away from the library. Users may be registered upon their request or automatically when enrolling in the institutions. 4 M |
4,019,281 2024 |
— |
219,281 2016 |
3,800,000 2024 |
— |
— |
N/A 2024 |
|
Physical Visits
Physical visit is a person (individual) entering the library premises. 29.1 M |
29,053,655 2024 |
1,670,000 2024 |
8,583,655 2016 |
18,800,000 2024 |
— |
— |
N/A 2024 |
|
Physical Loans
Physical loan is a direct lending or delivery transaction of an item in physical form. Physical loans include loans of items in non-electronic form (e.g. books) and loans electronic documents on a physical carrier (e.g. CD-ROM). 24.9 M |
24,927,569 2024 |
N/A 2024 |
927,569 2016 |
24,000,000 2024 |
— |
— |
N/A 2024 |
|
eBook Loans
eBook is a non-serial digital document, licenced or not, where searchable text is prevalent, and similar to a print book (monograph). eBooks can be lent to users either on portable devices (eBook readers) or by transmitting the contents to the user’s PC or other device for a limited time period. 17.4 M |
17,443,633 2024 |
N/A 2024 |
2,643,633 2016 |
14,800,000 2024 |
— |
— |
N/A 2024 |
|
Audio Book Loans
Audio book (or talking book) is a sound recording of readings of a book, magazine, or newspaper, usually designed for use by visually impaired people. Audio books can be lent to users either on a physical carrier or other device, or by transmitting the content to the user’s PC or other device for a limited time period. 1.5 M |
1,499,755 2024 |
N/A 2024 |
1,499,755 2016 |
— |
— |
— |
N/A 2024 |
|
Downloads
Download is a content unit that is successfully requested from a library-provided online service or other internet service (e.g. database, electronic serial or digital document). 17.1 M |
17,094,931 2024 |
N/A 2024 |
17,094,931 2016 |
— |
— |
— |
N/A 2024 |
Library data (Per 1M People)
|
Library type |
Total |
National |
Academic |
Public |
Community |
School |
Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Libraries (Service Points)
99
Library service point is a fixed or mobile facility through which library provides a service to its users. Central libraries, branch libraries, mobile libraries, and external service points located in different geographical locations and managed by one administrative unit are all each individual service points. Number of libraries is the total number of central/main libraries, branch libraries, external service points and mobile libraries. |
16.4 2025 |
0.2 2024 |
10.8 2025 |
5.5 2024 |
— |
— |
— 2024 |
|
Main Libraries
46
Central/main library is usually part or those parts of an administrative unit where the main administrative functions and the important parts of the library collection and services are located. An administrative unit comprising several branch libraries does not necessarily include a central library. |
7.6 2025 |
0.2 2024 |
7.5 2025 |
— |
— |
— |
— 2024 |
|
Branch Libraries
46
Branch library is a part of a larger administrative unit providing, in separate quarters, a service for a particular user group (e.g. children, faculties) or for a locally defined clientele. Institute, departmental and other affiliated libraries are included. Mobile libraries and external service points are excluded. |
7.6 2025 |
— |
3.3 2025 |
4.3 2024 |
— |
— |
— 2024 |
|
External Service Points
4
External service point is a point away from library premises at which a certain service is regularly offered to users. This includes places within a locality at which library material is deposited for informal circulation to a restricted group of users but without other library services, for example, old people’s homes, community centres, collections for hospital patients. Mobile libraries and their stops are not counted as external service points. |
0.7 2025 |
— |
0 2025 |
0.7 2024 |
— |
— |
— 2024 |
|
Mobile Libraries
3
Mobile library is a library, sometimes a division of a public library, using transport means to provide documents and services directly to users as an alternative to access on library premises. |
0.5 2025 |
— |
0 2025 |
0.5 2024 |
— |
— |
— 2024 |
|
Libraries (Administrative Units)
79
Administrative unit is any independent library, or group of libraries, under a single directorate or a single administration. The term “independent” does not imply legal or financial independence but only that the library is a recognisably separate unit, typically within a larger organisation. The administrative unit can be a single library or a larger organisation, typically containing a central/main library, branch libraries and administrative functions. |
13.1 2025 |
0.2 2024 |
7.5 2025 |
5.5 2024 |
— |
— |
— 2024 |
|
Libraries with Internet Access
55
Libraries (Service Points) that provides internet access from at least one workstation available to the public regardless of whether access is free, and/or provides a wireless network allowing users to connect to the Internet. |
9.1 2024 |
0.2 2024 |
4.6 2016 |
4.3 2024 |
— |
— |
— 2024 |
|
Full-Time Staff
914
Full-time equivalent (FTE) staff are all library employees who work for the library in return for payment. It includes professional staff, qualified staff, project staff and assistants. Other staff (library employees who work in security and on domestic duties, for example, cleaners, porters, caretakers and catering staff) and volunteers are excluded. |
151.4 2024 |
14.7 2024 |
84.5 2016 |
52.2 2024 |
— |
— |
— 2024 |
|
Volunteers
6,889
Volunteer is a person working on library tasks without payment. In counting volunteers, the concept of headcount is used. |
1,141.2 2024 |
— |
38.6 2016 |
1,102.6 2024 |
— |
— |
— 2024 |
|
Registered Users
4 M
Registered user is a person or organisation registered with a library in order to use its collection and/or services within or away from the library. Users may be registered upon their request or automatically when enrolling in the institutions. |
665,790 2024 |
— |
36,323.7 2016 |
629,466.3 2024 |
— |
— |
— 2024 |
|
Physical Visits
29.1 M
Physical visit is a person (individual) entering the library premises. |
4.8 M 2024 |
276,633.9 2024 |
1.4 M 2016 |
3.1 M 2024 |
— |
— |
— 2024 |
|
Physical Loans
24.9 M
Physical loan is a direct lending or delivery transaction of an item in physical form. Physical loans include loans of items in non-electronic form (e.g. books) and loans electronic documents on a physical carrier (e.g. CD-ROM). |
4.1 M 2024 |
— 2024 |
153,650.9 2016 |
4 M 2024 |
— |
— |
— 2024 |
|
eBook Loans
17.4 M
eBook is a non-serial digital document, licenced or not, where searchable text is prevalent, and similar to a print book (monograph). eBooks can be lent to users either on portable devices (eBook readers) or by transmitting the contents to the user’s PC or other device for a limited time period. |
2.9 M 2024 |
— 2024 |
437,915.2 2016 |
2.5 M 2024 |
— |
— |
— 2024 |
|
Audio Book Loans
1.5 M
Audio book (or talking book) is a sound recording of readings of a book, magazine, or newspaper, usually designed for use by visually impaired people. Audio books can be lent to users either on a physical carrier or other device, or by transmitting the content to the user’s PC or other device for a limited time period. |
248,433 2024 |
— 2024 |
248,433 2016 |
— |
— |
— |
— 2024 |
|
Downloads
17.1 M
Download is a content unit that is successfully requested from a library-provided online service or other internet service (e.g. database, electronic serial or digital document). |
2.8 M 2024 |
— 2024 |
2.8 M 2016 |
— |
— |
— |
— 2024 |
Contextual data
|
Population |
Singapore |
Region |
World |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Population Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates. |
6,036,860 2024 |
2,388,319,494 2024 |
8,141,808,945 2024 |
|
Proportion of Population Younger than 15 Age dependency ratio, young, is the ratio of younger dependents--people younger than 15--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population. |
15.7% 2024 |
26.4% 2024 |
38.0% 2024 |
|
Proportion of Population Older than 64 Age dependency ratio, old, is the ratio of older dependents--people older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population. |
18.3% 2024 |
20.0% 2024 |
15.7% 2024 |
|
Population Growth Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. |
2.0% 2024 |
0 2024 |
1.0% 2024 |
|
Population Density Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes. |
8,241.8% 2023 |
97.3% 2022 |
61.6% 2022 |
|
Urban Population Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. The data are collected and smoothed by United Nations Population Division. |
100.0% 2024 |
64.4% 2024 |
57.6% 2024 |
|
Information Infrastructure |
Singapore |
Region |
World |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Internet Users Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. |
94.4% 2024 |
86.6% 2024 |
71.2% 2024 |
|
Female Internet Users This indicator refers to female individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. |
94.0% 2023 |
85.5% 2024 |
68.2% 2024 |
|
Male Internet Users This indicator refers to male individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months. The Internet can be used via a computer, mobile phone, personal digital assistant, games machine, digital TV etc. |
- |
85.5% |
- |
|
Access to Electricity Access to electricity is the percentage of population with access to electricity. Electrification data are collected from industry, national surveys and international sources. |
100.0% 2023 |
98.4% 2023 |
91.6% 2023 |
|
Economy, Poverty, and Employment |
Singapore |
Region |
World |
|---|---|---|---|
|
GDP per Capita This indicator provides values for gross domestic product (GDP) expressed in current international dollars, converted by purchasing power parities (PPPs). PPPs account for the different price levels across countries and thus PPP-based comparisons of economic output are more appropriate for comparing the output of economies and the average material well-being of their inhabitants than exchange-rate based comparisons. Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This series has been linked to produce a consistent time series to counteract breaks in series over time due to changes in base years, source data and methodologies. Thus, it may not be comparable with other national accounts series in the database for historical years. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. The PPP conversion factor is a currency conversion factor and a spatial price deflator. PPPs convert different currencies to a common currency and, in the process of conversion, equalize their purchasing power by eliminating the differences in price levels between countries, thereby allowing volume or output comparisons of GDP and its expenditure components. |
150,689 2024 |
27,212.2 2024 |
24,405 2024 |
|
Poverty Rate Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $3.00 a day at 2021 purchasing power adjusted prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions. |
- |
2.0% 2024 |
10.3% 2024 |
|
Inequality Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality. |
- |
0.0% |
- |
|
Unemployment Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country. |
2.7% 2024 |
4.4% 2021 |
6.2% 2021 |
|
Inactive Youth The share of youth not in education, employment or training (also known as “the NEET rate”) conveys the number of young persons not in education, employment or training as a percentage of the total youth population. Youth not in education are those who were neither enrolled in school nor in a formal training program (e.g. vocational training). For the purposes of this indicator, youth is defined as all persons between the ages of 15 and 24 (inclusive). percentage of youth population |
6.0% 2024 |
15.4% 2000 |
- |
|
Education and Literacy |
Singapore |
Region |
World |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Education Spending General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of GDP. It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments. percentage of GDP |
2.2% 2024 |
3.5% 2023 |
3.5% 2023 |
|
Adult Literacy Rate Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. percentage of people ages 15 and above |
97.7% 2021 |
3.5% 2023 |
87.7% 2024 |
|
Female Adult Literacy Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. percentage of females ages 15 and above |
96.4% 2021 |
95.3% 2024 |
84.6% 2024 |
|
Male Adult Literacy Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. percentage of males ages 15 and above |
96.4% 2021 |
97.9% 2024 |
90.9% 2024 |
|
Female Youth Literacy Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. percentage of females ages 15-24 |
99.9% 2021 |
99.2% 2024 |
92.0% 2024 |
|
Male Youth Literacy Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. percentage of males ages 15-24 |
99.9% 2021 |
99.0% 2024 |
94.1% 2024 |
|
Research and Innovation |
Singapore |
Region |
World |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Research Spending Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development. percentage of GDP |
2.2% 2020 |
2.8% 2022 |
2.7% 2022 |
|
Researchers The number of researchers engaged in Research &Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Researchers are professionals who conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models techniques instrumentation, software of operational methods. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development. per million people |
7,917 2021 |
2,304.4 2022 |
1,516 2018 |
|
Scientific Articles Article counts refer to publications from a selection of conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journals from Scopus in science and engineering fields, according to the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Taxonomy of Disciplines. fractional count |
12,700 2022 |
1,294,313.1 2022 |
3,338,192 2022 |
National Library Associations
The Library Association of Singapore (LAS) is the national organization representing the interests of library and information professionals in Singapore. Membership comprises professional librarians as well as others who are interested in library and information work. LAS has about 400 members comprising various membership such as Professional members, Associate Members, Institutional members, and Life members. LAS provides opportunities for networking, professional advancement and sharing of latest developments through its publications, talks, visits, conferences, training courses and social activities.
National Library
The National Library is entrusted to collect, preserve, and make available Singapore’s documentary heritage. It also includes the Lee Kong Chian Reference Library, which provides the largest selection of reference works for the general public including citizen researchers and scholars. The collection of over 2 million items covers a wide range of published and primary sources including photographs, maps, private papers, manuscripts, published newspapers & ephemera, books and audio-visual recordings. In July 2018, the National Library Board Act was amended to enable the National Library to collect digital publications and carry out web archiving of .sg domain websites.
Policy Making Institutions
The Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore. The MCI oversees the development of the information and communication technology, cyber security, and media and design sectors; the national library, national archives and public libraries; as well as Government’s information and public communication policies. MCI’s mission is to connect Singaporeans to community, government and opportunity, enabled by trustworthy infrastructure and technology.
The National Library Board (NLB) oversees a network of public libraries, the National Library as well as the National Archives. The NLB is in charge of establishing and maintaining libraries, promoting reading and encouraging learning through use of library services, administering legal deposit, collection development of libraries, establishing standards for the training of library staff, compiling and maintaining a national union catalogue and a national bibliography, providing repository of archives, recording, preserving and disseminating the history of Singapore through oral history, advising the Government on needs and policies related to libraries, and other related matters. Full list of NLB’s functions and powers can be found in the National Library Board Act.
Library Support Organisations
There are no library support organisations in Singapore.
National Policy for Libraries
There is no information available.
Library Law
The Act, last amended on 31 January 2019, sets out the establishment, constitution, functions and powers of the National Library Board (NLB).
Legal Deposit Law
The Act entitled the National Library Board (NLB) with the function to provide a repository for library materials published in Singapore that are deposited with and preserved by the NLB under what is referred to as legal deposit.
Except as otherwise provided by regulations, the publisher of every library material (other than online material) published in Singapore must deposit 2 copies of that library material with the NLB within 4 weeks after the date of first publication. A copy of material in electronic form must be deposited with the NLB in the form and manner determined by the NLB, free of any technological or other restriction on access, within 4 weeks after the date of first publication.
The Act provides the NLB with the power to prescribe the library materials which are not required to be deposited with the NLB, the quality and the format of the copies of library materials required to be deposited, and the manner in which they must be deposited.
Copyright Law & Library Exceptions and Limitations
Revised Edition 2006 of the Copyright Act (Division 5 – Copying of Works in Libraries) allows the libraries to make copies of works, including digital copies. The Copyright Act (Division 7 – Copying of Works in Institutions Assisting Persons with Reading Disabilities and Institutions Assisting Intellectually Handicapped Readers) allow libraries to make and share accessible format copies of works for people with print disabilities.
Professional Qualification Requirements
There is no information available.
Education
In Singapore, the Master of Science in Information Studies programme is offered by the Nanyang Technological University. It is seen as a professional qualification for information professionals working in libraries and information centres. This programme builds skills across the breadth of the information studies field and provides opportunities for students to take courses in either Library Science or Information Analytics.
Professional Publications
BiblioAsia is a flagship journal of the National Library, Singapore. Published quarterly, it promotes the collections and programmes of the National Library and fosters research and learning in the history, arts and culture of Singapore and Southeast Asia. Contributors to the journal include librarians, archivists, and researchers from various subject expertise.
Professional Events
Read! Fest, organised by the National Library Board, is an annual event that is anchored on Singapore writing of different genres, with a programme line-up celebrating Singapore’s literary landscape with authors, poets, graphic novelists, librarians and artists. These programmes from meet the author sessions, book discussions, workshops to film screenings and performances are tailored to suit the palates of the wide range of audience that the festival attracts. Started in 2014, Read! Fest has grown to attract an audience size of over 10,000 participants in 2018.
National Reading Day which happens on the last Saturday of July rounds up Read! Fest by engaging the community in the promotion of reading. A slew of reading-related events, programmes and activities led by the community are held at the public libraries and beyond. A key National Reading Day charity event, Read for Books has been organized since 2016 to give a new book to children/teens from less privileged backgrounds. In 2018, 238,864 participants read together and raised books for charity.
The Library Association of Singapore organises a bi-annual conference for library and information professionals. This year’s theme on “Re-making Libraries: Innovate, Connect, Transform” presents the opportunity for library and information professionals to meet to gain insights on the latest and emerging trends in the field and to learn best practices from the experiences of others. It is also an opportunity for practitioners to network and exchange ideas with one another.
Library Location Resources
Contributors