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Library’s literacy project becomes a school for adults leading to social and civic empowerment of the Roma community

El proyecto de alfabetización de la biblioteca se convierte en una escuela para adultos que conduce al empoderamiento social y cívico de la comunidad gitana

There are an estimated 300,000 Roma living in Argentina, many of whom have experienced social exclusion and discrimination. In 2013, the Gladys Smith Library in the city of Mar del Plata started a literacy project to teach reading and writing to a small group of Roma women. Over the years, this initiative grew into a school for adults, marking the beginning of inclusion of the Roma community in Argentine society.

The Roma community has a strong oral tradition through which their knowledge, customs and folklore are transferred. However, social challenges faced by Roma are exacerbated by low literacy rates. In 2010, Sandra, a Roma woman, reached out to the Library for help learning to read. She hadn’t attended school as a child because her family often moved from place to place, and now she felt “too embarrassed to go to school.” Norma, the programme’s librarian, also knew there were many Roma who did not attend school for cultural reasons or because the schools were not sufficiently inclusive.

The Library is located in the Bosque Alegre neighbourhood where the Roma community makes up more than half the population. Norma engaged with social workers who had experience in working with the community, and together they decided to implement the successful Cuban programme, “Yes I can” (Yo Sí Puedo) that uses numbers – which people do know – to teach letters. Since the start of the programme, over 60 people have learned to read and write. They can access education, culture, justice and health service information, and they know their civic rights.

Norma recalls that initially, “the husbands watched in surprise from their cars, as the women came to the library to learn,” but eventually some men joined the programme. In 2016, the programme was incorporated into a project called “Adult School No. 701” – a primary school for adults, which operates in the mornings and afternoons. This provided attendees with an opportunity to acquire a certificate of completion for their primary education.

The library has collaborated with community individuals and organisations and has expanded its programmes to offer workshops and activities to meet the needs of the community. A sewing workshop had one of the greatest impacts, where the women began to sew their own clothes instead of buying them in shops. While the focus audience of these programmes is Roma women, they are open to all. Due to their success, the programmes were later implemented in Argentina’s Creole community.

By providing information workshops centred around citizen’s rights, the Library helped to improve the Roma community’s civic awareness. “Before, I only went to the hospital if I felt very bad because they asked for my ID and I didn’t have it,” recalls Sandra. Now, she not only has an ID but also the knowledge and desire to assert her rights by voting in Argentine elections.

The work of the Library and project partners has earned the recognition of the Direction of Cultural Diversity of the Nation (Dirección de Pluralismo Cultural de la Nación) and is well-known nationally as one of the transformative practices in the areas of literacy, health and social inclusion.